Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)

Thermoplastic starch is a biodegradable biopolymer that appears as an opaque material with a natural yellowish-to-white color. Derived from natural starch (primarily from corn, potato, or wheat) that has been modified with plasticizers like glycerol or sorbitol to transform the naturally brittle starch into a processable thermoplastic material. Key features include complete biodegradability in various environments, renewable resource-based composition, good oxygen barrier properties, inherent compostability, natural feel, and the ability to blend with other biopolymers to customize properties. Used in food trays, films, disposable cutlery, mulch films, plant pots, and single-use consumer items. It is also used as a filler or component in various biodegradable composites where its natural origin and end-of-life benefits are valuable. 

Alternatives to thermoplastic starch include PLA (polylactic acid) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Current trends focus on developing grades with improved moisture sensitivity, enhanced mechanical properties, improved water resistance, and optimizing blends with other biopolymers. Sub-types include native thermoplastic starch, modified thermoplastic starch with chemical treatments, reinforced thermoplastic starch incorporating natural fibers for enhanced structural characteristics, and blended systems with PLA, PCL (polycaprolactone), or PBAT (polybutylene adipate terephthalate).