How to formulate for electrical conductivity in inks?
Last update on Jan 14, 2026
Electrical conductivity in inks refers to the ability of specially formulated inks to conduct electricity. This property allows them to function as active components in electronic devices. These inks are usually loaded with conductive materials such as silver, carbon, or copper particles. They are commonly used in applications like printed circuits, sensors, RFID tags, and flexible electronics.
Pre-requisites
Reliable conductivity can be achieved by fulfilling the following fundamentals:
- Sufficient conductive filler loading and particle packing (often a blend of sizes/shapes) to create continuous pathways
- Strong adhesion to the chosen substrate and uniform wetting to avoid micro-voids that break the network
- Rheology matched to the printing method:
- Screen: high viscosity, shear-thinning, fast set
- Inkjet: low viscosity, stable surface tension, no agglomerates, anti-kogation
- Gravure/flexo: medium viscosity, controlled leveling and holdout
Note: Higher filler loading lowers resistance but increases viscosity and brittleness and can reduce adhesion. Balance is key.
Formulation strategies per application
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